Extract Point Estimates from Raster Files

Extracts point values from a raster at the coordinates of each environment. This function supersedes extract_GIS(), which relied on the retired raster and sp packages.

Usage

get_spatial(
  digital.raster = NULL,
  which.raster.number = NULL,
  env.dataframe = NULL,
  env.id = NULL,
  lat = NULL,
  lng = NULL,
  name.feature = NULL,
  merge = TRUE,
  crs = 4326,
  verbose = TRUE
)

Arguments

digital.raster

SpatRaster, or a file path readable by terra::rast().

which.raster.number

integer. Layer(s) to keep when the input is multi-layer.

env.dataframe

data.frame containing the environment id and coordinates.

env.id

character. Name of the environment-id column in env.dataframe.

lat, lng

character. Names of the latitude/longitude columns, or numeric vectors of coordinates used directly.

name.feature

character. Name(s) for the extracted layer(s).

merge

boolean. Join the extracted values back onto env.dataframe.

crs

numeric or character. CRS of the input coordinates. Default 4326 (WGS84).

verbose

boolean. Print progress messages.

Value

A data.frame of extracted values, joined to env.dataframe when merge = TRUE.

Details

Coordinates are validated before extraction: latitude must lie in [-90, 90] and longitude in [-180, 180]. This catches the common lat/lon transposition, which otherwise yields silent NAs or values from the wrong hemisphere.

See also

get_weather, get_soil

Author

Germano Costa Neto

Examples

# \donttest{
if (requireNamespace("terra", quietly = TRUE) &&
    requireNamespace("sf", quietly = TRUE)) {
## A small synthetic elevation raster covering the example site.
elevation <- terra::rast(nrows = 2, ncols = 2, xmin = -57, xmax = -55,
                         ymin = -14, ymax = -12, crs = "EPSG:4326")
terra::values(elevation) <- c(100, 200, 300, 400)
ref <- data.frame(env = "NM", lat = -13.05, lng = -56.05)
get_spatial(env.dataframe = ref, digital.raster = elevation,
            lat = "lat", lng = "lng", env.id = "env",
            name.feature = "Elevation")
}
#> ---------------------------------------------------------------
#> get_spatial -- extracts point values from raster files
#> Last updated at 09/27/2026
#> ---------------------------------------------------------------
#> Based on sf::st_as_sf() and terra::extract()
#> Environmental units ................ 1
#> Raster features .................... 1
#> Done ............................... Thu Oct 22 18:33:44 2026
#> Total time ......................... 0.01s
#>   env    lat    lng Elevation
#> 1  NM -13.05 -56.05       300
# }