phenology_templates() returns the built-in crop templates as a
data.frame; show_phenology() prints them, optionally for one crop
with its stage table, provenance and caveats.
Every template is a published tabulation for a REFERENCE cultivar. They
give a consistent relative scale across sites – which is what fixes the
calendar-day misalignment in W_matrix() – but they are not
calibrated predictions for your germplasm. Maturity group alone shifts
maize R6 by 300-500 C d. Validate against observed flowering dates before
treating stage labels as phenology.
Value
phenology_templates() a data.frame, one row per crop.
show_phenology() returns its input invisibly and is called for
the side effect of printing.
Examples
# \donttest{
phenology_templates()
#> crop label Tbase Tupper day.type
#> 1 maize Maize (Zea mays) 10.0 30 short
#> 2 sorghum Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) 10.0 34 short
#> 3 pearl_millet Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) 10.0 34 short
#> 4 sugarcane Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) 12.0 32 neutral
#> 5 wheat Wheat (Triticum aestivum) 0.0 26 long
#> 6 barley Barley (Hordeum vulgare) 0.0 26 long
#> 7 oat Oat (Avena sativa) 0.0 25 long
#> 8 rice Rice (Oryza sativa) 10.0 30 short
#> 9 soybean Soybean (Glycine max) 10.0 30 short
#> 10 common_bean Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) 10.0 30 short
#> 11 chickpea Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) 0.0 30 long
#> 12 groundnut Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) 10.0 32 neutral
#> 13 cowpea Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) 11.0 32 short
#> 14 canola Canola / oilseed rape (Brassica napus) 5.0 27 long
#> 15 sunflower Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) 6.0 30 neutral
#> 16 cotton Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) 15.6 32 neutral
#> 17 potato Potato (Solanum tuberosum) 7.0 30 long
#> 18 cassava Cassava (Manihot esculenta) 13.0 30 neutral
#> 19 safflower Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) 5.0 30 long
#> 20 alfalfa Alfalfa / lucerne (Medicago sativa) 5.0 30 long
#> p.opt n_stages final_stage final_TT scale
#> 1 12.5 8 R6 2700 Abendroth V/R
#> 2 12.5 7 PM 2300 Vanderlip GS
#> 3 12.0 7 PM 1700 Maiti GS
#> 4 12.5 4 MAT 6500 phenophase
#> 5 16.0 7 PM 2400 Zadoks-anchored
#> 6 16.0 7 PM 2100 Zadoks-anchored
#> 7 16.0 7 PM 2250 Zadoks-anchored
#> 8 12.5 7 PM 2300 Counce P/R
#> 9 12.8 7 R8 2400 Fehr-Caviness V/R
#> 10 12.5 7 R9 1500 CIAT V/R
#> 11 13.0 6 PM 1900 phenophase
#> 12 12.5 7 R8 2300 Boote R
#> 13 12.5 6 PM 1450 phenophase
#> 14 16.0 7 PM 2100 BBCH-anchored
#> 15 12.5 7 R9 2000 Schneiter-Miller V/R
#> 16 12.5 6 CO 2100 nodes/phenophase
#> 17 14.0 5 MAT 1900 phenophase
#> 18 12.5 5 MAT 6000 phenophase
#> 19 14.0 7 PM 2200 BBCH-anchored
#> 20 14.0 6 LF 1000 Kalu-Fick MSC
show_phenology("safflower")
#> ---------------------------------------------------------------
#> Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius)
#> ---------------------------------------------------------------
#> Tbase 5 C Tupper 30 C long-day (p.opt 14 h)
#> scale: BBCH-anchored
#>
#> EM <= 95 C d (+ 95)
#> ROS <= 450 C d (+ 355)
#> STE <= 800 C d (+ 350)
#> BUD <= 1100 C d (+ 300)
#> FL <= 1400 C d (+ 300)
#> SF <= 1800 C d (+ 400)
#> PM <= 2200 C d (+ 400)
#>
#> source: Demir (2026) Turk. J. Field Crops 31(2) doi:10.17557/tjfc.1998413; Flemmer et al. (2015) Ann. Appl. Biol. 166, 331-339 (BBCH scale)
#> NOTE: CARDINALS ARE FIELD-VERIFIED: Tbase 5 C / Tupper 30 C from a 12-year x 5-sowing-date trial; emergence 92.7-96.3 C d was stable across sowing dates. Stages after EM are BBCH-anchored ESTIMATES and are NOT independently verified -- calibrate before relying on them.
#> ---------------------------------------------------------------
# }